1. Type c: and press enter
2. Type cd\ and press enter

1. From DOS - (using the cd, or cd\path change to the directory you want to insert the new directory into
2. Type md new where new is the name of the new directory (the name must be limited to 8 alpha numeric characters.
3. From Windows File Manager Click on file, Create Directory and type the new name in and click on OK

1. Type del filename.ext where filename.ext is the name of the file you want to delete.

1. This is not recommended since the Ashland Compaq computer are pre-loaded with QEMM memory manager.
2. Add the line device=c:\dos\himem.sys to your config.sys file
3. Add the line device=c:\dos\smartdrv.exe into your autoexec.bat
4. Install a third party memory manager onto your computer (Like Blue Lighting, QEMM, BlueMax)

1. With the exception of QEMM 8.0, - Memory managers like SoftRam, RamDoubler, Hurricane etc. Do not increase the amount of RAM available to your operating system, (they only use compression algorithms within the Windows environment)

1. Type win and press enter
2. If Windows is not in your path (defined in the autoexec.bat file) then type cd\windows - press enter
3. type win - press enter

1. You can start Windows and use the File Manager to see the files
2. Type dir and press enter (if the files scroll by too fast - see #3)
3. Type dir /p to pause each screen
4. Type dir /w to see the files listed 4 across on your screen.

1. You can do this if you have a version of DOS higher then 5.0
2. type deltree dirname and answer yes to delete all files and dirs.

1. You can use a memory manager like QEMM (supplied with all of the Ashland Computer) and run the optimize program - Due to the large amount of options and settings available this should only be done by experienced users.
2. DOS does come with an optimizing utility called memmaker However this program is not compatible with QEMM.
3. You can use a third party Optimize like Norton, BlueMax, etc.
4. Try starting your computer without loading a lot of driver: to do this
5. Restart your computer - When the "Starting MS DOS..." message appears press the F8 function key - this will prompt you to run each line of the start-up files one by one
6. To bypass the start-up files completely - Press the F5 key at the "Starting MS DOS ..." message. (Doing this will give you a "Clean Boot" , however none of your extended memory will be available since the HIMEM.SYS file is needed to use extended memory.)

1. Go to the immediate parent directory (the folder that holds the directory you want to delete)
2. Type deltree dirname (where dirname is the name of the directory you want to delete.
3. type y when DOS asks you if you are sure you want to delete all these files
4. From C:\> (root directory) you can also specify the entire path
5. ex. deltree c:\word\docs\mystuff

1. Type cd\name (where name is the directory you want to measure)
2. Type dir /s
3. When DOS is done reading all the files it will list the total number of files and the total size being used.

1. At the c:\> prompt in DOS type doskey and press the enter key.
2. After that the computer will remember all the commands you typed and you can cycle through them with the up and down arrow keys.
3. Note: This does take up a small amount of "low memory" so if you use DOS programs that need alot of memory you may need to reboot prior to running those said programs.
4. Also: pressing the F3 key will retype your last DOS command.

1. At the DOS prompt c:\> type dir *.tmp /s /p and press enter.
2. This will list all the temp. files and pause after each screen so that you can jot them down and find them later.
3. If you need the room on your hard drive often you can delete alot of the help files that you will not use. They are usually named *.hlp (where the * can be any combination of characters)
4. Note: If you use the help files alot use this method with discression.

1. At the DOS prompt (anywhere in DOS) type exit and press enter.

1. If you accessed the program from Windows (or used the DOS icon in windows group "Main") you can shrink down the size of your screen by holding down the Alt key and tapping the enter key.
2. This will give you a "Virtual DOS Window" inside your window session.
3. You can then use your buttons to minimize the window.
4. Note: You will not be able to exit the program by double clicking on the control button or choosing file close.
5. You must exit the program the way you normally would and type exit at the c:\>

1. From the directory the file was located in type "undelete" and supply the first letter of the filename for DOS when it tells you it found the file you want called ?myfile.doc (where ?myfile.doc is 2myfile.doc) DOS erases the first letter of a file from the FAT when you delete it and replaces it with a question mark so there will be room on you hard drive to put new files.
2. Note: The sooner you try this after a file has been deleted the better chance you have of recovering it. Each time you save a file or create a new file you run the risk of "writting over top" of the file you deleted.
3. If DOS can not recover the file sometimes 3rd-party utilities can recover some of the data. Try the Norton Utilities, PC Tools, etc.

1. You probably have a TON of cross-linked files and directories on your hard drive and the needed system files for DOS have been corupted.
2. BOOT FROM A CLEAN SYSTEM DISK
3. RUN SCANDISK TO FIX ERRORS (SAVE THEM AS FILES)


OR

4. RUN 3RD PARTY UTILITY LIKE NORTON’S NDD
5. Remember if you save the files - maybe you can rename them as before

1. If a file has become corrupted, you can copy a backup over it
2. If the has been named something that Windows 3.1 can not read, you can delete or rename the file in serveral ways: of course you could type del *.* to delete, but
3. You may be able to rename it by using a question mark at the place that is unreadable by...
4. rename my?doc.doc mydoc.doc (where the file was named 
5. my doc.doc and OS will not accept spaces.
6. Another solution: copy my*.doc c:\temp\mydoc.tmp and then deltree c:\locat (where location is directory with invalid file)

1. CAUSE If your disk partitions have been deleted, (then all the files will be gone as well) or your primary partition has been made inactive you will get these errors
2. Boot from a clean system disk of the same OS
3. Run the fdisk utility
4. Make the primary partition active.

or driver - POSSIBLE IRQ CONFILICT 

1. Using the msd.com program check the IRQ usage, and the memory areas to see where devices are loaded
2. Use either the BIOS or configs to eliminate confilicting addresses and IRQ’s

1. Double click on the Icon "Control Panel" (Usually in the group - Main)
2. You will see the controls for changing various Window options here.

1. Use your Scroll bars and Arrows (the gray bars on the bottom and left-side of the windows) to move around inside your windows.
2. Close all your open Groups (windows)
3. Click on Window (in the Program Manager menu ribbon)
4. Click on Arrange Icons

1. Set Windows up to the way you want it to start every time.
2. From the Program Manager Window:
3. Click on Options
4. Click on Save Settings on Exit (make sure there is a check mark by this option)
5. Exit Windows
6. Type win and press enter to restart Windows.
7. Click on Options, Save Settings on Exit again (Turn off check mark)

( *- See Also Deleted Icon Section -* )

1. Open the group that has your program - and click on the up arrow button in the top right corner of the group window. This will open your group to fill the entire Program Manager Window (click on the double arrow button to reduce it back to its original size)
2. In Program Manager click on Options , Auto Arrange - This will sort your Icons according to how big you have your group window set.
3. In Program Manager - click on Window - click on Tile (or Cascade) - This will arrange all the open groups so that you can see them.
4. Use your Scroll bars and Arrows (the gray bars on the bottom and left-side of the windows) to move around inside your windows.

1. Login to the network with your user name and current password
2. Open Lotus Notes
3. Click on File, Open Database
4. Double Click on the Server that your mail is routed through (This is in the top box) ( Usually Server6 for Ashland_NIP)
5. In the bottom box find your street talk name
6. Highlight your name
7. Click on the Add Icon button
8. Call your Network Administrator Ched (x-3513, or x-3502)

1. Some programs load THEIR versions of dll files, (while they should check for previous version - some don’t)
2. If you have a backup copy of the dll’s you can attempt to simply load them overtop the existing ones.
3. Note: close as many programs as possible, OR an even better solution is to copy the files from a DOS prompt (with Windows closed)
4. See MS Office Products section for full listing of ole DLL files

1. While holding down the Alt key tap the tab key to cycle through any open programs (release the keys to goto listed program) - use the Alt key to access the menu’s and save any open files
2. Alt + tab to get to program manager -Hold the Alt key and press F4
3. Press the enter key to "Yes" exit windows.
4. Restart Windows (check that mouse cord is connected to PC)

1. From File manager find the directory that has your executable file and look for a file with the same first name but with the extension .reg
2. Double click on the *.reg file to update the Windows registration database (versions 3.x)

 Note DO NOT DO THIS FOR WINDOWS95

Note: A 386 computer will naturally run much slower than one of the new Pentiums.

1. Defragment Hard Disk - Run MS DOS program " Defrag ".
2. Run MS DOS program " Scandisk ".
3. Delete un-necessary temporary files from your temp directory.
4. NOTE: DO THIS ONLY AFTER YOU HAVE EXITED FROM WINDOWS COMPLETELY !!
5. Remove wallpaper and extra fonts from Windows start-up files - This can be done from the "Control Panel" program usually located in the Group "Main".
6. DO NOT REMOVE THE FONTS:
7. SYSTEM
8. MS SAN SERIFF
9. TIMES NEW ROMAN
10. ARIEL (THESE FONTS ARE NEEDED TO RUN WINDOWS !! )
11. Delete un-needed icons and groups from Windows Program Manager.
12. Set Windows swap file for virtual memory to at least 4 Mb / per 8Mb of physical RAM.
13. Set the Windows swap file to a "Permanent" type file.
14. Enable 32 bit disk access in virtual memory.
15. Remove un-needed load lines from the *.ini files and remove un-needed programs from start up group. experienced users only !

"S_Station not set" 

1. Make sure that you are logged into the network !!
2. Check with one of the network administrators to ensure that you do have a mail box set up on the network. - If you have gotten Notes before you may need to reset the mailbox options.
3. Exit Windows and type set and press enter at the C:\> prompt - Look to see if there is a line saying S_Station=a111111 (where a111111 is your employee number). If there is no line saying this try typing set s_station=A###### and pressing the enter key
4. There may not be enough memory established in your operating environment. Try looking at your autoexec.bat file to see what the shell is: To do this exit Windows (or use the DOS prompt icon) and at the c:\> prompt - make sure you are on the C drive type c: and press enter, type cd\ and press enter, type type autoexec.bat | more and press enter. This will show you what your autoexec.bat (startup file) has. Look for a line that says something like :
5. shell=c:\command.com /p /e:640 The number at the end of the line should be at least 512 and no more than 1024: If it is not contact Ched at 3513 to edit this file.

1. This means that the Server software is not available (in the case of Neville Island our server software is located on one of the Dublin, OH. File servers) This is not a local problem and you must call the Dublin help desk for assistance - Chances are that they already know that the server is unavailable and are working on the solution.
2. Try the set s_station=a155555 (your employee #) command from DOS and restart windows.

1. Double click on the Icon "Control Panel" (usually in group Main) 
2. Double Click on the Icon "Fonts"
3. Click on Add -- and select the directory where the fonts are located.
4. Note: Windows font files are stored in the c:\windows\system directory (some of which may not be installed )

1. Windows comes with a utility called a clipboard - It is used to copy information to and from windows programs.
2. To save what is on your screen at the moment you can press the print screen button. That picture is not on your clipboard.
3. You can put that picture into an application (Word, Excel etc. by clicking on the clipboard icon OR - 
4. Click on Edit
5. Click on Paste
6. If you want to work with the picture to change things you can use the Paint program (usually located in the group Accessories)

"Can not create or replace a:\file.txt Access denied" 

1. This is usually because your disk is write protected (There is a little tab on top of the disk that slides up and down)
2. Make sure the tab is pushed down (so that you can NOT see through the little hole in the disk.
3. On a hard disk or Network drive this can signify that the file is being used by another application or another person
4. If the properties of the file are set to read only you can get this error message (See the "Can’t save or change file" part later in this section.

1. With both your file manager and the group that is missing an icon(s) 
2. Click on the file in file manager (will have an exe, com, pif, or bat) extension
3. Hold the button down while you drag the file into the open Program Group.

1. If you are using a floppy disk - first check that it is not "Write Protected"
2. From your File manager highlight the file you are trying to work on.
3. second click on file then click on the properties
4. Check to see that there is no x in the box marked read-only
5. Note: if the file is open either by another one of your programs or another person you will not be able to change the properties of that file.
6. This problem can also occur if you are attempting to write / save a file to a network drive that you do not have write / edit / modify access levels to. Check with the sysop, or LAN administrator

1. While holding down your ALT key tap the tab key to cycle through all your currently open programs. When you find it release the keys.
2. OR- In an open section of your desktop (Outside Program Manager) double click your left mouse button and select an option.

1. Often lockups and crashes are caused by programs trying to access memory that is already being used by other software programs - if possible exit all of the programs that you are not currently using and try to restart the current program
2. The screen saver After Dark is infamous for causing memory errors and a large variety of problems associated with windows and GPF messages. If you have After Dark on you machine then have it removed (or at least close it and choose a windows screen saver from the desktop icon (inside the control panel - which should be located in the group "Main")
3. Have a technician make sure that your virtual memory is set to a reasonable size for your computer configuration. (1/2 of RAM)
4. Remove any unneeded fonts and wallpaper.
5. Change your screen resolution back to 640 X 480 X 16 colors

1. Open the group Main
2. Double click on control panel
3. Double click on the display icon
4. Click on the arrow button for mode
5. choose 640 X 480 X 16
6. Click on OK
7. Click on Restart Windows

1. You can use third party accessory programs created just for viewing files, such (lview [shareware version available on the internet, or check with Ched], PC Tool, Quick View Pro, or at Ashland you can use the program Viewbase from the file server)
2. Start the Viewbase program
3. Click the File, then the Open menus and locate the file in the file open dialog box.
4. If you do not have Viewbase showing as an icon on your PC you can drag a copy of it from the file manager into the program group that you want it installed into.
5. The file is on the Drive L: at l:\sdsk\vb\vbtoolsw.exe

1. Windows uses a file called a bitmap file to color the background of Windows - You can find these settings in the Group "Main" - double click on control panel, double click on desktop (Note: that their is a section under wall paper for selecting center {will display the picture in the center of the screen} and one for tile {will fill the screen with multiple images of the picture you chose.}
2. If you want to create your own pictures(s) use the paint brush program in the accessories group and save to c:\window\???.bmp
3. Click on files save when you have created the picture
4. Give the file a name (it must have the .bmp extension)
5. Make sure that you save it to the C:\WINDOWS directory

1. While a program is highlighted - hold down the alt key and press enter. Click on changed icon (the files progman.exe, and moricons.dll have a large variety of icons to choose from.
2. Note: other icons may be found at J:\userdata\icons

1. This usually means that the Window resources are gettin low and you must exit and restart Window.
2. Cutting down on the number of fonts you have installed and not using any wall paper can help conserve resources; however when you start a lot of programs and exit them and open and close alot of files you will eventually run out of Window Resource Memory.
3. If you notice your icons turning black, disappearing, and colors changing then you know immediately to save all you work - Exit Windows and restart Window anew.

1. While holding down your ALT key tap the tab key to cycle through all your currently open programs. When you find it release the keys.
2. OR- In an open section of your desktop (Outside Program Manager) double click your left mouse button and select an option.

1. While holding down the alt key tap the tab key to get to your programs. 
2. When the program comes up hold down the alt key and tap the F4 key to close it (don’t close program manager until last, this would close windows)
3. If you get error messages while trying to close programs try holding the ctrl+alt keys and tap the delete key - 
4. sometimes windows will jump to DOS and tell you the program has stopped responding and pressing the enter key will close the program.
5. Note: You WILL lose any unsaved work at this point.

file that may be needed to run Windows in 386 enhanced mode.

You may need to run the setup program again"

"device name"

1. If windows can not find a driver (because it is either corrupted, or has been deleted or moved) you can get this error
2. Often windows will still start ... if it does not you can ...
3. open the system.ini (in C:\windows), and remark out the line that refers to the driver by using a semi-colon at the beginning of the line.

"Fatel Exception Error would not have been reported by DOS "

1. This is usually caused by a third party memory manager that tends to get too aggressive with memory shadowing, and loading drivers in to areas of memory normally reserved for Windows and display drivers. QEMM can often cause these problems when not configured for certain problems.
2. From a text editor you can edit out references to the QEMM (or other managers) and insert the line device=c:\path\himem.sys
3. add the lines load device, and device=driver (replace with appropriate file names) - in the autoexec.bat and config.sys
4. Next run memmaker to optimize 
5. A second option is to go to the directory where your memory manager program resides and run the optimize program (optimize for QEMM, memmaker for DOS, etc.)

"Can Not Find System.ini (or win.ini)"

1. Very often if your win.ini or system.ini files get corrupted or deleted you can recover to a previous configuration. Inside the windows directory look for win.*, or system.* (often the extension will be numbers ex. Win.001) - rename the old ini file to bak 
2. copy the win.001 (or whatever you can find, *.qem, *.ad, *.vb) to win.ini (or system.ini) and try to restart windows.

1. Shows all the attributes for files (even shows the hidden files)
2. use the attrib + (or attrib -) filename.ext to set them on or off

1. Show the memory available to you and your computer
2. Using the /c will show where all the drivers are loaded (high or low)

1. Runs faster than scandisk and show a summary of available and used hard disk space
2. use the chkdsk /f to fix cross linked files and clusters

1. You can change how your dos prompt looks by using this command - the prompt $p$g is the most common and shows what directory your in
2. prompt my PC would display my PC (type prompt /? for help)

1. Defines where DOS looks for external commands typed at the DOS prompt 
2. (Usually set up in the autoexec.bat file to include at least c:\dos and c:\windows)

1. Displays a list of DOS commands that you can look for help on.
2. Usually contains 3 files for each subject 1.the command, 2.syntax, and 3.notes or examples.

1. Deletes an entire directory and ALL of its files.
2. Note you must be in the directory ABOVE it to do this - you can not delete a directory that you are currently in (type cd.. and press enter to get to the directory above your current one

dir *.exe /s

1. Example dir .exe shows all the files with extension exe (dir *.exe)
2. Will show all the files in that directory with an extension of exe AND searches all of the SUB-directories for the file.

1. Copy your needed DOS system files to a floppy disk in your drive a: (making it bootable) (does not copy autoexec.bat or config.sys)

1. Clears all the writing on your screen and moves your prompt to the top of the screen.

1. Shows a graphical representation of all the directories and subdirectories (use tree | more to pause at each screen full)

1. Loads a program into memory that will remember all the commands that you type at the prompt. (use the up arrow key to cycle through them)

edit

1. Displays the contents of a file on your screen (substitute the file you want to see for "file.ext") use type ???.??? | more to pause at each screen full
2. An alternative is to open the file for editing (edit file.ext)

1. vol displayes the name of your disk
2. label allows you to give your disk (hard disk or floppy disk) a name

1. Runs a dianostic program and allows you to see what is in your computer.

(move c:\file.doc c:\myfiles\file.doc)

1. makes a copy of your file to a destination and deletes it from where it is

1. Used to display the contents of a file on the screen. "Type mydoc.txt" will display the entire file (scrolls up if more than one screen) on the monitor. Use the type my.txt | more to pause after each screen (the | key is usually the \ key when the shift key is held down while typing it)

1. Used to check for cross linked files and disk errors

1. Use this to "clean" up your hard drive. It can allow you to create a larger swap file, give you more disk space, and the BIGGIE - It will help keep your programs running faster

1. Used to "unzip" some types of DOS and older Windows files (3.x)

1. Used to "unzip" some types of Windows95, and Microsoft files

1. Sets up a disk for using with a compuer. Note: this will entirely delete EVERY thing on the disk. Don’t to this to C: unless you really want to start over completely.

1. Sets partitions on a hard disk (500 Mb is a good size for large disks)

1. If used IMMEDIATELY sometimes you can recover a disk you just formatted by mistake.

1. Can sometimes recover files that have been deleted if used soon enough that the original file was not ‘writen over’ or another files was not saved with that old name.

1. Same as del or delete.

1. DON’T (This command was a real ‘goof’ on Microsoft’s part. While it can be useful, it destroys files if it is not used in just the right way. You don’t need this - and if you do, use a 3rd party software package.

1. Allows you to change the time and date on your computer

1. called a filter (some call it a pipe - but there is a difference) ( | more will pause a screen pause with the type statement.)

1. redirects output to something (called a pipe) Example: 
2. ‘ dir /s >> c:\dir.txt ‘ will add to (or create) a file called dir.txt in your root directory with a directory listing of your hard drive.

1. gets input from a file or other directed info,

1. pauses a display for piped and filtered commands

1. Substitute the command (dir, move, etc for command): Shows a brief list of options for the command you type

1. Loads a program or driver into memory (from autoexec.bat)

1. Loads a program or driver into memory above the First Meg. (autoexec.bat)

1. Loads a device and / or driver into memory (from config.sys)

1. Loads a device and / or driver into memory above the conventional 640 Kb (from config.sys)

1. Sets your command.com (or other shell) in a protected area of memory.

1. Sets a path, driver, shell ,etc.

1. checks a condition for true and allows direction

1. checks a condition for being false and allows an action

1. type of code returned by the choice statement, allows redirection

1. Prompts for input from user, returns an errorlevel code.

1. Checks to see if a condition exists (is their a file with this name)

1. reads what is inside the % signs, and stores as string variable

1. displays a message on the screen